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Popular Trigonometry >

sin(3x)+sin(x)=2cos^2(x)

Solution

sin (3 x) + sin (x) = 2 cos^{2} (x)

Solution

x = \frac{π}{6} + 2 πn, x = \frac{5 π}{6} + 2 πn, x = \frac{3 π}{2} + 2 πn, x = \frac{π}{2} + 2 πn

Degrees

x = 3 0^{\circ} + 36 0^{\circ} n, x = 15 0^{\circ} + 36 0^{\circ} n, x = 27 0^{\circ} + 36 0^{\circ} n, x = 9 0^{\circ} + 36 0^{\circ} n

Solution steps

sin (3 x) + sin (x) = 2 cos^{2} (x)

Subtract

2 cos^{2} (x)

from both sides

sin (3 x) + sin (x) - 2 cos^{2} (x) = 0

Rewrite using trig identities

sin (3 x) + sin (x) - 2 cos^{2} (x)

Use the Pythagorean identity:

cos^{2} (x) + sin^{2} (x) = 1

cos^{2} (x) = 1 - sin^{2} (x)

= sin (3 x) + sin (x) - 2 (1 - sin^{2} (x))

sin (3 x) = 3 sin (x) - 4 sin^{3} (x)

sin (3 x)

Rewrite using trig identities

sin (3 x)

Rewrite as

= sin (2 x + x)

Use the Angle Sum identity:

sin (s + t) = sin (s) cos (t) + cos (s) sin (t)

= sin (2 x) cos (x) + cos (2 x) sin (x)

Use the Double Angle identity:

sin (2 x) = 2 sin (x) cos (x)

= cos (2 x) sin (x) + cos (x) 2 sin (x) cos (x)

Simplify

cos (2 x) sin (x) + cos (x) \cdot 2 sin (x) cos (x) : sin (x) cos (2 x) + 2 cos^{2} (x) sin (x)

cos (2 x) sin (x) + cos (x) 2 sin (x) cos (x)

cos (x) \cdot 2 sin (x) cos (x) = 2 cos^{2} (x) sin (x)

cos (x) 2 sin (x) cos (x)

Apply exponent rule:

a^{b} \cdot a^{c} = a^{b + c}

cos (x) cos (x) = cos^{1 + 1} (x)

= 2 sin (x) cos^{1 + 1} (x)

Add the numbers:

1 + 1 = 2

= 2 sin (x) cos^{2} (x)

= sin (x) cos (2 x) + 2 cos^{2} (x) sin (x)

= sin (x) cos (2 x) + 2 cos^{2} (x) sin (x)

= sin (x) cos (2 x) + 2 cos^{2} (x) sin (x)

Use the Double Angle identity:

cos (2 x) = 1 - 2 sin^{2} (x)

= (1 - 2 sin^{2} (x)) sin (x) + 2 cos^{2} (x) sin (x)

Use the Pythagorean identity:

cos^{2} (x) + sin^{2} (x) = 1

cos^{2} (x) = 1 - sin^{2} (x)

= (1 - 2 sin^{2} (x)) sin (x) + 2 (1 - sin^{2} (x)) sin (x)

Expand

(1 - 2 sin^{2} (x)) sin (x) + 2 (1 - sin^{2} (x)) sin (x) : - 4 sin^{3} (x) + 3 sin (x)

(1 - 2 sin^{2} (x)) sin (x) + 2 (1 - sin^{2} (x)) sin (x)

= sin (x) (1 - 2 sin^{2} (x)) + 2 sin (x) (1 - sin^{2} (x))

Expand

sin (x) (1 - 2 sin^{2} (x)) : sin (x) - 2 sin^{3} (x)

sin (x) (1 - 2 sin^{2} (x))

Apply the distributive law:

a (b - c) = ab - a c

a = sin (x), b = 1, c = 2 sin^{2} (x)

= sin (x) 1 - sin (x) 2 sin^{2} (x)

= 1 sin (x) - 2 sin^{2} (x) sin (x)

Simplify

1 \cdot sin (x) - 2 sin^{2} (x) sin (x) : sin (x) - 2 sin^{3} (x)

1 sin (x) - 2 sin^{2} (x) sin (x)

1 \cdot sin (x) = sin (x)

1 sin (x)

Multiply:

1 \cdot sin (x) = sin (x)

= sin (x)

2 sin^{2} (x) sin (x) = 2 sin^{3} (x)

2 sin^{2} (x) sin (x)

Apply exponent rule:

a^{b} \cdot a^{c} = a^{b + c}

sin^{2} (x) sin (x) = sin^{2 + 1} (x)

= 2 sin^{2 + 1} (x)

Add the numbers:

2 + 1 = 3

= 2 sin^{3} (x)

= sin (x) - 2 sin^{3} (x)

= sin (x) - 2 sin^{3} (x)

= sin (x) - 2 sin^{3} (x) + 2 (1 - sin^{2} (x)) sin (x)

Expand

2 sin (x) (1 - sin^{2} (x)) : 2 sin (x) - 2 sin^{3} (x)

2 sin (x) (1 - sin^{2} (x))

Apply the distributive law:

a (b - c) = ab - a c

a = 2 sin (x), b = 1, c = sin^{2} (x)

= 2 sin (x) 1 - 2 sin (x) sin^{2} (x)

= 2 \cdot 1 sin (x) - 2 sin^{2} (x) sin (x)

Simplify

2 \cdot 1 \cdot sin (x) - 2 sin^{2} (x) sin (x) : 2 sin (x) - 2 sin^{3} (x)

2 \cdot 1 sin (x) - 2 sin^{2} (x) sin (x)

2 \cdot 1 \cdot sin (x) = 2 sin (x)

2 \cdot 1 sin (x)

Multiply the numbers:

2 \cdot 1 = 2

= 2 sin (x)

2 sin^{2} (x) sin (x) = 2 sin^{3} (x)

2 sin^{2} (x) sin (x)

Apply exponent rule:

a^{b} \cdot a^{c} = a^{b + c}

sin^{2} (x) sin (x) = sin^{2 + 1} (x)

= 2 sin^{2 + 1} (x)

Add the numbers:

2 + 1 = 3

= 2 sin^{3} (x)

= 2 sin (x) - 2 sin^{3} (x)

= 2 sin (x) - 2 sin^{3} (x)

= sin (x) - 2 sin^{3} (x) + 2 sin (x) - 2 sin^{3} (x)

Simplify

sin (x) - 2 sin^{3} (x) + 2 sin (x) - 2 sin^{3} (x) : - 4 sin^{3} (x) + 3 sin (x)

sin (x) - 2 sin^{3} (x) + 2 sin (x) - 2 sin^{3} (x)

Group like terms

= - 2 sin^{3} (x) - 2 sin^{3} (x) + sin (x) + 2 sin (x)

Add similar elements:

- 2 sin^{3} (x) - 2 sin^{3} (x) = - 4 sin^{3} (x)

= - 4 sin^{3} (x) + sin (x) + 2 sin (x)

Add similar elements:

sin (x) + 2 sin (x) = 3 sin (x)

= - 4 sin^{3} (x) + 3 sin (x)

= - 4 sin^{3} (x) + 3 sin (x)

= - 4 sin^{3} (x) + 3 sin (x)

= 3 sin (x) - 4 sin^{3} (x) + sin (x) - 2 (1 - sin^{2} (x))

Simplify

3 sin (x) - 4 sin^{3} (x) + sin (x) - 2 (1 - sin^{2} (x)) : 4 sin (x) - 4 sin^{3} (x) + 2 sin^{2} (x) - 2

3 sin (x) - 4 sin^{3} (x) + sin (x) - 2 (1 - sin^{2} (x))

Expand

- 2 (1 - sin^{2} (x)) : - 2 + 2 sin^{2} (x)

- 2 (1 - sin^{2} (x))

Apply the distributive law:

a (b - c) = ab - a c

a = - 2, b = 1, c = sin^{2} (x)

= - 2 \cdot 1 - (- 2) sin^{2} (x)

Apply minus-plus rules

- (- a) = a

= - 2 \cdot 1 + 2 sin^{2} (x)

Multiply the numbers:

2 \cdot 1 = 2

= - 2 + 2 sin^{2} (x)

= 3 sin (x) - 4 sin^{3} (x) + sin (x) - 2 + 2 sin^{2} (x)

Simplify

3 sin (x) - 4 sin^{3} (x) + sin (x) - 2 + 2 sin^{2} (x) : 4 sin (x) - 4 sin^{3} (x) + 2 sin^{2} (x) - 2

3 sin (x) - 4 sin^{3} (x) + sin (x) - 2 + 2 sin^{2} (x)

Group like terms

= 3 sin (x) - 4 sin^{3} (x) + sin (x) + 2 sin^{2} (x) - 2

Add similar elements:

3 sin (x) + sin (x) = 4 sin (x)

= 4 sin (x) - 4 sin^{3} (x) + 2 sin^{2} (x) - 2

= 4 sin (x) - 4 sin^{3} (x) + 2 sin^{2} (x) - 2

= 4 sin (x) - 4 sin^{3} (x) + 2 sin^{2} (x) - 2

- 2 + 2 sin^{2} (x) + 4 sin (x) - 4 sin^{3} (x) = 0

Solve by substitution

- 2 + 2 sin^{2} (x) + 4 sin (x) - 4 sin^{3} (x) = 0

Let:

sin (x) = u

- 2 + 2 u^{2} + 4 u - 4 u^{3} = 0

- 2 + 2 u^{2} + 4 u - 4 u^{3} = 0 : u = \frac{1}{2}, u = - 1, u = 1

- 2 + 2 u^{2} + 4 u - 4 u^{3} = 0

Write in the standard form

a_{n} x^{n} + \dots + a_{1} x + a_{0} = 0

- 4 u^{3} + 2 u^{2} + 4 u - 2 = 0

Factor

- 4 u^{3} + 2 u^{2} + 4 u - 2 : - 2 (2 u - 1) (u + 1) (u - 1)

- 4 u^{3} + 2 u^{2} + 4 u - 2

Factor out common term

- 2 : - 2 (2 u^{3} - u^{2} - 2 u + 1)

- 4 u^{3} + 2 u^{2} + 4 u - 2

Rewrite

4

2 \cdot 2

Rewrite

4

2 \cdot 2

= - 2 \cdot 2 u^{3} + 2 u^{2} + 2 \cdot 2 u - 2

Factor out common term

- 2

= - 2 (2 u^{3} - u^{2} - 2 u + 1)

= - 2 (2 u^{3} - u^{2} - 2 u + 1)

Factor

2 u^{3} - u^{2} - 2 u + 1 : (2 u - 1) (u + 1) (u - 1)

2 u^{3} - u^{2} - 2 u + 1

= (2 u^{3} - u^{2}) + (- 2 u + 1)

Factor out

- 1

from

- 2 u + 1 : - (2 u - 1)

- 2 u + 1

Factor out common term

- 1

= - (2 u - 1)

Factor out

u^{2}

from

2 u^{3} - u^{2} : u^{2} (2 u - 1)

2 u^{3} - u^{2}

Apply exponent rule:

a^{b + c} = a^{b} a^{c}

u^{3} = u u^{2}

= 2 u u^{2} - u^{2}

Factor out common term

u^{2}

= u^{2} (2 u - 1)

= - (2 u - 1) + u^{2} (2 u - 1)

Factor out common term

2 u - 1

= (2 u - 1) (u^{2} - 1)

Factor

u^{2} - 1 : (u + 1) (u - 1)

u^{2} - 1

Rewrite

1

1^{2}

= u^{2} - 1^{2}

Apply Difference of Two Squares Formula:

x^{2} - y^{2} = (x + y) (x - y)

u^{2} - 1^{2} = (u + 1) (u - 1)

= (u + 1) (u - 1)

= (2 u - 1) (u + 1) (u - 1)

= - 2 (2 u - 1) (u + 1) (u - 1)

- 2 (2 u - 1) (u + 1) (u - 1) = 0

Using the Zero Factor Principle:

ab = 0

then

a = 0

b = 0

2 u - 1 = 0 or u + 1 = 0 or u - 1 = 0

Solve

2 u - 1 = 0 : u = \frac{1}{2}

2 u - 1 = 0

Move

1

to the right side

2 u - 1 = 0

Add

1

to both sides

2 u - 1 + 1 = 0 + 1

Simplify

2 u = 1

2 u = 1

Divide both sides by

2

2 u = 1

Divide both sides by

2

\frac{2 u}{2} = \frac{1}{2}

Simplify

u = \frac{1}{2}

u = \frac{1}{2}

Solve

u + 1 = 0 : u = - 1

u + 1 = 0

Move

1

to the right side

u + 1 = 0

Subtract

1

from both sides

u + 1 - 1 = 0 - 1

Simplify

u = - 1

u = - 1

Solve

u - 1 = 0 : u = 1

u - 1 = 0

Move

1

to the right side

u - 1 = 0

Add

1

to both sides

u - 1 + 1 = 0 + 1

Simplify

u = 1

u = 1

The solutions are

u = \frac{1}{2}, u = - 1, u = 1

Substitute back

u = sin (x)

sin (x) = \frac{1}{2}, sin (x) = - 1, sin (x) = 1

sin (x) = \frac{1}{2}, sin (x) = - 1, sin (x) = 1

sin (x) = \frac{1}{2} : x = \frac{π}{6} + 2 πn, x = \frac{5 π}{6} + 2 πn

sin (x) = \frac{1}{2}

General solutions for

sin (x) = \frac{1}{2}

sin (x)

periodicity table with

2 πn

cycle:

x 0 \frac{π}{6} \frac{π}{4} \frac{π}{3} \frac{π}{2} \frac{2 π}{3} \frac{3 π}{4} \frac{5 π}{6} sin (x) 0 \frac{1}{2} \frac{2}{2} \frac{3}{2} 1 \frac{3}{2} \frac{2}{2} \frac{1}{2} x π \frac{7 π}{6} \frac{5 π}{4} \frac{4 π}{3} \frac{3 π}{2} \frac{5 π}{3} \frac{7 π}{4} \frac{11 π}{6} sin (x) 0 - \frac{1}{2} - \frac{2}{2} - \frac{3}{2} - 1 - \frac{3}{2} - \frac{2}{2} - \frac{1}{2}

x = \frac{π}{6} + 2 πn, x = \frac{5 π}{6} + 2 πn

x = \frac{π}{6} + 2 πn, x = \frac{5 π}{6} + 2 πn

sin (x) = - 1 : x = \frac{3 π}{2} + 2 πn

sin (x) = - 1

General solutions for

sin (x) = - 1

sin (x)

periodicity table with

2 πn

cycle:

x 0 \frac{π}{6} \frac{π}{4} \frac{π}{3} \frac{π}{2} \frac{2 π}{3} \frac{3 π}{4} \frac{5 π}{6} sin (x) 0 \frac{1}{2} \frac{2}{2} \frac{3}{2} 1 \frac{3}{2} \frac{2}{2} \frac{1}{2} x π \frac{7 π}{6} \frac{5 π}{4} \frac{4 π}{3} \frac{3 π}{2} \frac{5 π}{3} \frac{7 π}{4} \frac{11 π}{6} sin (x) 0 - \frac{1}{2} - \frac{2}{2} - \frac{3}{2} - 1 - \frac{3}{2} - \frac{2}{2} - \frac{1}{2}

x = \frac{3 π}{2} + 2 πn

x = \frac{3 π}{2} + 2 πn

sin (x) = 1 : x = \frac{π}{2} + 2 πn

sin (x) = 1

General solutions for

sin (x) = 1

sin (x)

periodicity table with

2 πn

cycle:

x 0 \frac{π}{6} \frac{π}{4} \frac{π}{3} \frac{π}{2} \frac{2 π}{3} \frac{3 π}{4} \frac{5 π}{6} sin (x) 0 \frac{1}{2} \frac{2}{2} \frac{3}{2} 1 \frac{3}{2} \frac{2}{2} \frac{1}{2} x π \frac{7 π}{6} \frac{5 π}{4} \frac{4 π}{3} \frac{3 π}{2} \frac{5 π}{3} \frac{7 π}{4} \frac{11 π}{6} sin (x) 0 - \frac{1}{2} - \frac{2}{2} - \frac{3}{2} - 1 - \frac{3}{2} - \frac{2}{2} - \frac{1}{2}

x = \frac{π}{2} + 2 πn

x = \frac{π}{2} + 2 πn

Combine all the solutions

x = \frac{π}{6} + 2 πn, x = \frac{5 π}{6} + 2 πn, x = \frac{3 π}{2} + 2 πn, x = \frac{π}{2} + 2 πn

Graph

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