What is the integral of (1/(x^3+x)) ?

The integral of (1/(x^3+x)) is ln|x|-1/2 ln|x^2+1|+C

English

Español

Português

Français

Deutsch

Italiano

Русский

中文(简体)

한국어

日本語

Tiếng Việt

עברית

العربية

integral of (1/(x^3+x))

\int (\frac{1}{x ^{3} + x}) d x

ln ∣ x ∣ - \frac{1}{2} ln x^{2} + 1 + C

Solution steps

\int \frac{1}{x ^{3} + x} d x

Take the partial fraction of

\frac{1}{x ^{3} + x} : \frac{1}{x} - \frac{x}{x ^{2} + 1}

= \int \frac{1}{x} - \frac{x}{x ^{2} + 1} d x

Apply the Sum Rule:

\int f (x) \pm g (x) d x = \int f (x) d x \pm \int g (x) d x

= \int \frac{1}{x} d x - \int \frac{x}{x ^{2} + 1} d x

\int \frac{1}{x} d x = ln ∣ x ∣

\int \frac{x}{x ^{2} + 1} d x = \frac{1}{2} ln x^{2} + 1

= ln ∣ x ∣ - \frac{1}{2} ln x^{2} + 1

Add a constant to the solution

= ln ∣ x ∣ - \frac{1}{2} ln x^{2} + 1 + C

What is the integral of (1/(x^3+x)) ?
The integral of (1/(x^3+x)) is ln|x|-1/2 ln|x^2+1|+C