What is the integral of 4/(x^3+x^2) ?

The integral of 4/(x^3+x^2) is 4(-ln|x|-1/x+ln|x+1|)+C

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integral of 4/(x^3+x^2)

\int \frac{4}{x ^{3} + x ^{2}} d x

4 (- ln ∣ x ∣ - \frac{1}{x} + ln ∣ x + 1 ∣) + C

Solution steps

\int \frac{4}{x ^{3} + x ^{2}} d x

Take the constant out:

\int a \cdot f (x) d x = a \cdot \int f (x) d x

= 4 \cdot \int \frac{1}{x ^{3} + x ^{2}} d x

Take the partial fraction of

\frac{1}{x ^{3} + x ^{2}} : - \frac{1}{x} + \frac{1}{x ^{2}} + \frac{1}{x + 1}

= 4 \cdot \int - \frac{1}{x} + \frac{1}{x ^{2}} + \frac{1}{x + 1} d x

Apply the Sum Rule:

\int f (x) \pm g (x) d x = \int f (x) d x \pm \int g (x) d x

= 4 (- \int \frac{1}{x} d x + \int \frac{1}{x ^{2}} d x + \int \frac{1}{x + 1} d x)

\int \frac{1}{x} d x = ln ∣ x ∣

\int \frac{1}{x ^{2}} d x = - \frac{1}{x}

\int \frac{1}{x + 1} d x = ln ∣ x + 1 ∣

= 4 (- ln ∣ x ∣ - \frac{1}{x} + ln ∣ x + 1 ∣)

Add a constant to the solution

= 4 (- ln ∣ x ∣ - \frac{1}{x} + ln ∣ x + 1 ∣) + C

What is the integral of 4/(x^3+x^2) ?
The integral of 4/(x^3+x^2) is 4(-ln|x|-1/x+ln|x+1|)+C