integral of (1-x)/(4x^2-4x-3)

Lösung

\int \frac{1 - x}{4 x ^{2} - 4 x - 3} d x

\frac{1}{16} (- 2 ln 4 x^{2} - 4 x - 3 - ln x + \frac{1}{2} + ln x - \frac{3}{2}) + C

Schritte zur Lösung

\int \frac{1 - x}{4 x ^{2} - 4 x - 3} d x

Vervollständige das Quadrat

4 x^{2} - 4 x - 3 : 4 (x - \frac{1}{2})^{2} - 4

= \int \frac{1 - x}{4 ( x - \frac{1}{2} ) ^{2} - 4} d x

Wende U-Substitution an

= \int \frac{- 2 u + 1}{2 ( 4 u ^{2} - 4 )} d u

Entferne die Konstante:

\int a \cdot f (x) d x = a \cdot \int f (x) d x

= \frac{1}{2} \cdot \int \frac{- 2 u + 1}{4 u ^{2} - 4} d u

Multipliziere aus

\frac{- 2 u + 1}{4 u ^{2} - 4} : - \frac{2 u}{4 u ^{2} - 4} + \frac{1}{4 u ^{2} - 4}

Wende die Summenregel an:

\int f (x) \pm g (x) d x = \int f (x) d x \pm \int g (x) d x

= \frac{1}{2} (- \int \frac{2 u}{4 u ^{2} - 4} d u + \int \frac{1}{4 u ^{2} - 4} d u)

\int \frac{2 u}{4 u ^{2} - 4} d u = \frac{1}{4} ln 4 u^{2} - 4

\int \frac{1}{4 u ^{2} - 4} d u = - \frac{1}{8} (ln ∣ u + 1 ∣ - ln ∣ u - 1 ∣)

= \frac{1}{2} (- \frac{1}{4} ln 4 u^{2} - 4 - \frac{1}{8} (ln ∣ u + 1 ∣ - ln ∣ u - 1 ∣))

Setze in

u = x - \frac{1}{2}

ein

= \frac{1}{2} (- \frac{1}{4} ln 4 (x - \frac{1}{2})^{2} - 4 - \frac{1}{8} (ln x - \frac{1}{2} + 1 - ln x - \frac{1}{2} - 1))

Vereinfache

\frac{1}{2} (- \frac{1}{4} ln 4 (x - \frac{1}{2})^{2} - 4 - \frac{1}{8} (ln x - \frac{1}{2} + 1 - ln x - \frac{1}{2} - 1)) : \frac{1}{16} (- 2 ln 4 x^{2} - 4 x - 3 - ln x + \frac{1}{2} + ln x - \frac{3}{2})

= \frac{1}{16} (- 2 ln 4 x^{2} - 4 x - 3 - ln x + \frac{1}{2} + ln x - \frac{3}{2})

Füge eine Konstante zur Lösung hinzu

= \frac{1}{16} (- 2 ln 4 x^{2} - 4 x - 3 - ln x + \frac{1}{2} + ln x - \frac{3}{2}) + C

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